Solar photovoltaic modules are the core and important part of solar power generation systems. Its main function is to convert solar energy into usable electrical energy. When sunlight shines on photovoltaic cells, the semiconductor materials inside the cells generate photogenerated charges, forming direct current. This DC current can be used to power lights, electrical equipment, buildings, ships, vehicles, etc., or stored for future use.

　　Solar photovoltaic modules include the following main components:

　　Photovoltaic cells: Photovoltaic cells are the core part of solar photovoltaic modules, which directly convert sunlight into electricity through the photoelectric effect. Common photovoltaic cells include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and thin-film cells.

　　Glass backplate: The glass backplate is the back protective layer of photovoltaic modules, used to provide structural support and protect photovoltaic cells. It must have weather resistance and transparency so that sunlight can pass through the glass and enter the photovoltaic cell.

　　Cable: The cable is used to connect photovoltaic cells with other electrical equipment, such as inverters and battery storage systems. They transmit electrical energy and signals, and withstand the current and voltage generated by photovoltaic modules.

　　Borders and Sealants: Borders are usually made of aluminum and used to protect the edges of photovoltaic modules. Sealant is used to fill the gaps between the frame and glass to ensure the sealing and waterproof performance of the components.

　　Backboard: The backboard is located between the glass and the photovoltaic cell, providing isolation and protection. Common materials include backboard patches, plastic backboards, and aluminum backboards.

　　Frame: The frame is the external frame of a photovoltaic module, usually made of aluminum, used to support and secure the photovoltaic module and facilitate installation.

　　The above are the main components of solar photovoltaic modules, which work together to convert solar energy into usable electricity. Solar photovoltaic modules have the characteristics of being renewable, clean, and environmentally friendly, which can reduce dependence on traditional energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and be environmentally friendly. They are widely used in solar power generation systems, photovoltaic power stations in residential and commercial buildings, agricultural irrigation systems, remote power supply, and other fields, providing sustainable energy solutions for humanity.