1. Open circuit voltage (Voc): The voltage at which the battery cell is not connected to a load under illumination

2. Short circuit current (Isc): The output current of the battery during a short circuit under illumination

3. Maximum power (Pmax): The maximum power that a battery cell can output under illumination

4. Voltage (Vopt)/current (Iopt) at maximum power

5. Fill factor: Pmax/Voc * Isc, reflecting the change characteristics of battery output power with load

6. Efficiency: The working efficiency of battery cells under light exposure

7. equivalent series resistance: the equivalent series resistance inside the solar cell will affect its forward volt ampere characteristics and short circuit current

8. Increase will reduce the Fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells keywords：